The impact of economic governance on attracting international trade in Iraq for the period 2004-2023

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the impact of economic governance indicators (political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption) on the reality of international trade in Iraq for the period from 2004 to 2023. The study concluded that the institutional environment in Iraq suffered from structural fragility that led to the transformation of international trade from a tool for development into a channel for consumer imports, as a result of weak oversight and widespread bureaucracy at border crossings, which weakened Iraq's attractiveness as a reliable international trading partner.